Structure-Based Design and Synthesis of New Estrane-Pyridine Derivatives as Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1 Inhibitors

Inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1 is a promising therapeutic strategy, as such an inhibitor could modulate the bioactivation of procarcinogens while reducing drug resistance. Based on docking studies, the synthesis of 12 estra-1,3,5(10)-triene derivatives containing a pyridin-3-/4-yl moiety at position C2, C3, or C4 was performed, and we measured their inhibitory activity on CYP1B1 using the ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay. The position of the nitrogen atom in the aromatic ring has little influence on their inhibition potency, but compounds with a pyridinyl at C2 of the steroid nucleus are more potent CYP1B1 inhibitors than those with a pyridinyl at C3 or C4. Estradiol derivatives (OH at C17β) are also 10-fold more potent inhibitors than estrone derivatives (carbonyl at C17). Thus, 2-(pyridin-3-yl)-estradiol (4a) is the best CYP1B1 inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 0.011 μM) from this series of compounds, and the best steroid inhibitor reported until now. It is also 7.5-fold more potent than the well-known nonsteroidal CYP1B1 inhibitor α-naphthoflavone (IC₅₀ = 0.083 μM).